On research and development by the industry

• >70% clinical trials running in the US supported by industry (Bodenheimer, 2000, Gagnon, 2008).
• >$30 billion/year invested by industry in research (PhRMA, 2006).
• 13.2% R&D expenditure on phase IV/'seeding' trials in 2004 (PhRMA, 2007).
• 36% of pharma's revenue is spent on marketing (Blumenthal, 2004).
• Medicine is now a $2-trillion industry (Chimonas et al, 2006).
  • Drug costs account for 10.7% of healthcare expenditure in the US (US Accountability Office, 2006).
  • $188.5 billion spending for prescription drugs in 2004 >5x 1990 (Kaiser, 2006).
  • $16 billion retail value of provision of free samples (McCarthy, 2007).

On support of medical education

• 32 hours education about drug development in 8 years of med school (Rosebraugh et al, 2001).
• $3—5 billion/year spent by industry on educational projects with physicians (Campbell, 2007).
• $900 million/year donated by industry to CME (ACCME, 2003).
• >2/3 costs of CME in schools and teaching hospitals paid by drug and device companies (Williamson and Lee, 2007).

On interactions between industry and physicians

• 94% of physicians have some sort of interaction with industry (Campbell, 2007).
• $57.5 billion/year total expenditure on physicians, $61,000/physician (Gagnon, Lexchin, 2008).
• $9—14 billion/year invested by industry on interactions with physicians (Campbell, 2007).
• $8—15k/physician/year is the average pharma spend (Blumenthal, 2004).
• 16 ways that companies interact with physicians (Moynihan, 2003).
• 6 gifts are given to physicians annually (Wazana, 2000).
• 70 lunches attended by psych residents each year (Komesarrof and Kerrige, 2002).
• 61% residents felt interactions did not alter their behaviour (Steinman et al, 2001).
• 75% attending physicians believed marketing affects resident's prescribing (Keim et al 1993).

On the popularity of e-learning and networking

• $4.8 billion spent on detailing by sales reps in 2000 (Niles, 2005).
  • 100,000 drug reps in the US in 2005 (Marshall, 2005).
  • $150,000/primary care rep/annually, $330,000/speciality care rep/annually (Med Ad news, 2004).
  • 1 salesperson:4.7 physicians (Blumenthal, 2004).
  • 1 rep: 2.5 'targeted doctors' (Goldberg, 2004).
  • 4 visits/physician/month by a sales rep (Wazana, 2000).
  • >40% sales rep visits are regularly cancelled and >70% of meetings last less than 5 minutes.
  • 75% physicians find info from reps useful but only 9% believe it very accurate (Kaiser, 2006).
• $1.9 billion spent on promotional meetings by top 10 pharma in 2000 (Quintiles, 2001).
  • 371,000 promotional meetings in 2004 (Hensley and Martinez, 2005).
• 360 million people in the US searched online for health information in 2006.
• Doctors spend up to 2h/day on blogs, networking sites or e-learning applications.

On public perceptions and understanding about research and development

• 91% thought institutions should work together (Research! America, 2004).
• 88% believed it a good idea for companies to fund research in universities, hospitals and institutions  (Research! America, 2004).
• 69% believed scientists should be able to profit from their discoveries (Research! America, 2004).
• 41% know most development conducted by pharma (Research! America, 2004).
• 25% thought institutions and companies work collaboratively (Research! America, 2004).